Normal RC plane can be classified based on the axis of movement it allows to operate.
They are,
1-channel plane- only rudder is the available control surface to control the plane. pitch is preset using elevator trim and changes with the speed of the plane. engines used in these planes do not have throttle and the speed is preset in the ground using the mixture needles and runs until the fuel remains. these are a little advanced version of free flight where there is no control at all.
2-channel plane- has only rudder and elevator control for pitch and yaw. the engine is similar to 1 channel plane with no throttle but the elevator is used to control the pitch. these types of planes are still flown today using small engines like the Cox engines and AP 0.1 engines. the absence of aileron is compensated by dihedral/polyhedral for stability. rudder and elevator is used together to create a roll effect. these planes can perform fairly all basic maneuvers like inverted flight, loops, rolls etc.
3-channel plane-has rudder, elevator and throttle. very similar to 2 channel plane except the throttle is controllable which enables to build even bigger planes such that in the event of failure the pilot has the option to shut down the plane before landing. Trainer planes and glider are normally 3 channel planes to make the plane simple without a aileron and helps the new pilot to learn flying without the worries of stability as the dihedral/ polyhedral does the job.
4-Channel plane- a complete plane which can perform all list of maneuvers even 3D!!
Sports/F3A/3D planes are 4 channel planes with throttle, rudder, elevator and ailerons to control all the six axis of movements of a plane.
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Additional channels:
Though not of much use, some pilots make use of more than 4 channels in a radio for various purposes. Some of them are,
Retractable landing gears:
Some planes especially EDF jets use retractable landing gears to fold the landing gears resulting in reduced drags in the air frame.normally a switch is used to control this channel to move a servo up/down to retract the landing gear.
Flaps:
Flaps are used to create a temporary create a under camber in the wings near the fuselage and thereby directing the prop wash downwards to create additional lift especially for low speed landings.
a potentiometer is used instead of a switch to adjust the degree of flap needed.
Smoke system:
3D planes and skywriting planes uses smoke system to create smoke and use them for attraction or to write a name in the sky. it uses a potentiometer to control the channel to adjust the amount of smoke needed to emit.
Lights:
some electric planes uses lights to fly the plane in dark and uses an additional channel to switch on/off the lights or to change the color of the light.
Choke:
Gas engines has choke controlled by a servo in the plane to open/close the choke. this saves time and makes it safe for the pilot instead of getting their fingers near the fast spinning prop.
Engine Kill:
A special feature of Gas engines to ground the ignition to stop the engine instantaneously by a press of button from the radio during emergency or general landing.
Remote needle:
Some Gas engines has remote needle to control the HS needle during flying as per needs.
a Potentiometer is used to fine tune the needle in flight or in ground.
Flight modes for stability controllers:
Most flight controllers used to stabilize the aircraft uses either a 2 position switch or a 3 position switch to change the flight modes or to enable/disable stabilization in the plane.
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They are,
1-channel plane- only rudder is the available control surface to control the plane. pitch is preset using elevator trim and changes with the speed of the plane. engines used in these planes do not have throttle and the speed is preset in the ground using the mixture needles and runs until the fuel remains. these are a little advanced version of free flight where there is no control at all.
2-channel plane- has only rudder and elevator control for pitch and yaw. the engine is similar to 1 channel plane with no throttle but the elevator is used to control the pitch. these types of planes are still flown today using small engines like the Cox engines and AP 0.1 engines. the absence of aileron is compensated by dihedral/polyhedral for stability. rudder and elevator is used together to create a roll effect. these planes can perform fairly all basic maneuvers like inverted flight, loops, rolls etc.
3-channel plane-has rudder, elevator and throttle. very similar to 2 channel plane except the throttle is controllable which enables to build even bigger planes such that in the event of failure the pilot has the option to shut down the plane before landing. Trainer planes and glider are normally 3 channel planes to make the plane simple without a aileron and helps the new pilot to learn flying without the worries of stability as the dihedral/ polyhedral does the job.
4-Channel plane- a complete plane which can perform all list of maneuvers even 3D!!
Sports/F3A/3D planes are 4 channel planes with throttle, rudder, elevator and ailerons to control all the six axis of movements of a plane.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional channels:
Though not of much use, some pilots make use of more than 4 channels in a radio for various purposes. Some of them are,
Retractable landing gears:
Some planes especially EDF jets use retractable landing gears to fold the landing gears resulting in reduced drags in the air frame.normally a switch is used to control this channel to move a servo up/down to retract the landing gear.
Flaps:
Flaps are used to create a temporary create a under camber in the wings near the fuselage and thereby directing the prop wash downwards to create additional lift especially for low speed landings.
a potentiometer is used instead of a switch to adjust the degree of flap needed.
Smoke system:
3D planes and skywriting planes uses smoke system to create smoke and use them for attraction or to write a name in the sky. it uses a potentiometer to control the channel to adjust the amount of smoke needed to emit.
Lights:
some electric planes uses lights to fly the plane in dark and uses an additional channel to switch on/off the lights or to change the color of the light.
Choke:
Gas engines has choke controlled by a servo in the plane to open/close the choke. this saves time and makes it safe for the pilot instead of getting their fingers near the fast spinning prop.
Engine Kill:
A special feature of Gas engines to ground the ignition to stop the engine instantaneously by a press of button from the radio during emergency or general landing.
Remote needle:
Some Gas engines has remote needle to control the HS needle during flying as per needs.
a Potentiometer is used to fine tune the needle in flight or in ground.
Flight modes for stability controllers:
Most flight controllers used to stabilize the aircraft uses either a 2 position switch or a 3 position switch to change the flight modes or to enable/disable stabilization in the plane.
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