Directions of motion for RC aircraft are Pitch, Roll and Yaw.
Pitch:
Nose up/Nose down movement along the axis running from either ends of the wings is called Pitch.
Pitch Up is a movement where the nose goes UP and the tail comes down with the pivot point being the wing spar.
Pitch Down is a movement where the nose comes Down and the tail goes up with the pivot point being the wing spar.
Pitch is used to move the plane UP/DOWN and to change the altitude of a plane.
Pitch up increases the altitude and pitch down decreases the altitude.
Pitch of a plane is effected using the elevator in a normal plane and elevons in a flying wing.
When the Elevator goes Up, it deflects the air upwards and pushes the tail down and making the nose to go up and when the Elevator goes Down, it deflects the air downwards and pushes the tail up and makes the nose to go up.
Stick Movement
Pitch is normally controlled by the right stick in mode 2 and left stick in mode 1.
Moving the Stick Down will make Pitch Up and makes the plane go Up.
Moving the stick Up will make Pitch Down and makes the plane to go Down.
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Roll:
Lateral Left /right movement of the fuselage on an axis drawn from Nose to tail is called Roll.
Roll left makes the plane to bank left while the left wing goes down and the right wing comes up.
Roll right makes the plane to bank right while the Right wing goes down and left wing comes up.
Roll is used to make the plane to bank to make a degree with the horizontal to perform acrobatic maneuvers and in general flying along with pitch to turn the plane.
The main purpose of poll is to maintain the lateral stability of the wings while flying and to keep the wings horizontal.
Sports planes exclusively use Roll and Pitch to perform all the maneuvers.
Roll is achieved using ailerons present at the end of the Wings. farther the aileron position greater the roll effect in the plane.
Roll left:
Right Aileron Goes down and pushes the air down while the left aileron goes up and pushes the air upward.
This creates a Roll effect on the plane along its axis running from nose to tail and rolls the plane to Left.
Roll Right:
Right aileron goes up and pushes the air upward while the left aileron goes down and pushes the air downwards. This creates a roll effect on the plane along its axis running from nose to tail and rolls the plane to right.
Roll is normally controlled by Right stick in mode 2 and Left stick in mode 1 which in turn control the ailerons.
Moving the stick to left will roll the plane left and moving the stick to right will roll the plane right.
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Yaw:
Yaw is the motion where the plane moves from side to side on a vertical axis that runs through the center of the plane from up to down.
Yaw Right makes the nose to go right while the tail comes left creating a right turn
Yaw Left makes the nose to go left while the tail comes right creating a left turn
In a 3 channel planes where there is no aileron, rudder with a slight dihedral/polyhedral in the wing maintains the stability and also helps to make turns.
Yaw is extremely helpful to correct the heading of the plane while taxing and maintain a straight heading during take off.
normally the steering wheel of the plane is connected to the yaw servo using another pushrod to help steer the plane on the ground.
Yaw is achieved by Rudder present in the vertical plane of the wings.
Left turn using Rudder
when the rudder moves to the left, it pushes the air to the left and thus pushing the tail to the right while the nose goes to the left and thus creating a left turn movement.
Right turn using Rudder
when the rudder moves to the right, it pushes the air to the right an thus pushing the tail to the left while the nose goes to the right and thus creating a right turn movement.
Yaw/rudder is normally controlled by the Left stick in the mode 2 and right stick in mode 1.
moving the Stick to the right makes the plane to go right and moving the stick to left makes the plane to go left.
Note:
Flying wings do not have rudder and makes the turn by using elevons called as Bank and Yank. it is a combination of pitch and roll to create a turn.
3D planes use exclusive use of rudder in all the maneuvers and thus their rudders have big area than normal sports planes.
